Psalm 127
Unless the Lord builds the house, those who build it labor in vain. Unless the Lord guards the city, the guard keeps watch in vain.
It is in vain that you rise up early and go late to rest, eating the bread of anxious toil; for he gives sleep to his beloved.
Sons are indeed a heritage from the Lord, the fruit of the womb a reward.
Like arrows in the hand of a warrior are the sons of one’s youth.
Happy is the man who has his quiver full of them. He shall not be put to shame when he speaks with his enemies in the gate.
– - NRSV, via oremus.
This is the passage I will be preaching on this Sunday. I find Psalms particularly difficult to manage when trying to preach and teach from them. As I have often told people, when I preach, I hope to reflect the message of the Scripture into our lives so that we may hear and respond to do the message.
This is a relatively easier task with narrative, parable, and epistolary texts (although I daresay Judges is just difficult all around). With the Psalms, however, not only are they ostensibly prayers directed to God, but they are nearly contextless. Their superscriptions are little help in determining the sitz em leben of the particular Psalm. Moreover, they are a hodgepodge – written at all different times by different people for different contexts, anthologized at a later date by unknown people for little-known purposes, and employed in the worship at the Temple (at least most of them, and to a degree), which were only really “canonized” after the destruction of said Temple in 70 by Titus Flavius, Filius Vespasiani.
For this particular Psalm, we have some direction because it is a “Song of Ascents”. This means that it was employed in the pilgrimage up the steps to the Temple in Jerusalem. It is therefore possible that the “house” of which the Ascender speaks is The House of the Lord, i.e., the Temple; and the “city” is Jerusalem, or even the Zion quarter thereof. Interesting background, yes. Relevant to the message? Probably not very.
It is also “Of Solomon.” This means it was either written by, written about, written to, or written in the style of Solomon. It also could mean that it is a “wisdom Psalm.” Well, now there, we’re getting somewhere. Nevertheless, there are still a lot of questions.
The questions that rose in my mind immediately upon reading this Psalm (again) were “Why is this all in one Psalm? What connection does the first half have with the second? In fact, why wasn’t this split into two Psalms? Why did the Psalm-editor consider this to all have connected meaning? Why did the Psalm author join them? Why were these two halves joined in practice?”
At first glance, vv. 3 – 5 are a non sequitur from vv. 1 – 2. Upon reflection, however, it seems that these two pieces do deserve to be joined and speak to the same message.
It has long been understood by historians and sociologists that the most affluent countries have the lowest birthrates and the highest levels of stress in the world at any given time. While they also have the longest lifespan and the highest standard of living, they also are plagued by diseases and psychological issues that most of the rest of the world never experiences. With great wealth comes the diseases of the wealthy and a declining birthrate.
This story has been told over and over again, in culture after culture. Rome, is of course, the classic (and classical) example par excellance. One of the major difficulties Rome faced, especially after the Julio-Claudian period, was that the Senatorial and Equestrian orders (the wealthiest and the second-wealthiest classes of society), were not fecund enough to produce enough legitimate heirs to carry on the government and military leadership for which they were both responsible and privileged. They ended up having to PAY Roman women to have children, even during the Augustan period.
Examples can also be given of the Japanese aristocracy during the Shogunate, the Chinese aristocracy under the Han [I think, the Han], and of course the classic case of King Henry VIII Tudor of England. Henry had no trouble making sons. Henry had trouble having sons with the woman with whom he was legally matrimonially linked at the time.
Now, of course, with Western Europe standing to be decimated by an abysmally poor birthrate – even with a very liberal immigration policy – and the U.S. not far behind, we must ask ourselves if there is any connection between the birthrate and excessive work and the affluence it brings. One only has to look at a sattelite image of the US and Western Europe to see how many lights are on all night. Moreover, it is significant that in the US there are 850 000 legal abortions every year. So we have toil that leads to stress and “unwanted pregnancies” – that are really unwanted children.
Within all of this, there is still another Biblical connection that may be made between this Psalm and the greater story of Scripture. In Genesis 11, the story of the Tower of Babel draws these two elements together as well. First, the people decided to build a city and a tower to reach to the heavens, against the will of the Lord. They toiled, but since the Lord was not in it, they were scattered. Second, they defied the command to “be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth” (Genesis 1:28, etc.) by gathering in Shinar “so that they might make a name for themselves and not be scattered over the face of the whole earth.” (Gen. 11:4, NIV, par.)
Here we see the connection between building a city apart from the Lord and the defiance of the command to be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth. Babel symbolizes humanity’s desire to defy God. But it also symbolizes a desire to make a name for ourselves and to raise up monuments to ourselves in defiance of God’s command. Moreover, Babel demonstrates a carelessness toward children that this Psalm seems to counter.
When we connect the apex of civilization with defiance of God and the dismissal of children – all leading to the ultimate failure of the civilization project, we have to ask how we fit into this. The words of Tony Campolo ring out in this context: “America is the best Babylon on the face of the earth, but it’s still Babylon.”
There is, therefore, an obvious national connection to Psalm127. There is also a clear congregational connection to Psalm 127: any congregation that toils and toils and spends hours and hours in meetings and discussion and fails to grow must be trying to build its house apart from the Lord. Furthermore, if, in that process of discussion and perhaps even fighting it manages to sideline children such that they are either unwelcome or uncomfortable in worship, then such a congregation has managed to carry out both halves of Psalm 127.
Where are our towers of Babel that bring about both divine frustration and a denial of the value of the young? Any nation whose success sidelines children or merely makes them pawns for politicians (such as Ohio Issue 3 – slot machines for education), all the while toiling to keep the economy expanding, day and night – such a nation will experience the judgment of God. And while the Psalm is attributed to Solomon, it seems like it could be, in fact, more relevant to the exilic and post-exilic communities that saw the Lord destroy Jerusalem.
Any congregation that becomes unigenerational – that is, made up of a single generation, predominately older, has somehow managed to deemphasize their children and the children of others who do need to hear the Good News; they have, furthermore, managed to retain one generation’s power over another such that the desires, needs, and perspectives of one generation dominate the scene.
In our lives individually, we see our toil being fruitless when we do it apart from the Lord as well. Often, especially in academia, personal success comes before family, and especially before children. This is a liability, especially in a college town.
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Well, some or all of this may be in the sermon on Sunday. We’ll just have to see where it all develops.